PhD Research Methodology
PhD Research Methodology is the study of methods and techniques used in conducting research for a doctoral degree. It covers topics such as research design, data collection and analysis, and writing up the results. It also includes ethical considerations, literature reviews, and the use of technology in research.
PhD Research Methodology
The significance of research methodology in a Doctorate is a very serious issue. You must take more time deciding on the best strategy for your PhD since Research Methodology is intended to provide the correct method for directing research and turn it into a valuable intellectual property. Also, the Research Methods must provide appropriate means of introducing sources and resources in order to fill in the identified research gaps. In a PhD research, the value of the research methodology increases significantly in this area.
Step 1 is to specify the purpose of your study.
- You must clearly define your goals before you can begin the data collection process. You can begin by formulating a problem statement that explains the importance of the practical or scientific issue you want to address.
- Then, create one or more research questions that express your objectives clearly.
You may require either quantitative or qualitative data collection, depending on your study questions:
- Statistical techniques are used to analyze quantitative data, which is presented as numbers and graphs.
- Words are used to express qualitative data, which is then interpreted and categorized for analysis.
- Get quantitative data if your goal is to test a theory, measure something precisely, or gain broad statistical insights. Collect qualitative data if your goal is to investigate concepts, comprehend experiences, or obtain in-depth understanding of a particular situation. Use a mixed methods approach that gathers both kinds of data if you have multiple goals.
As an illustration, consider the following study objectives:
- In a huge organization, you are conducting research on how direct report employees see their bosses.
- The first thing you want to do is see if there are any big discrepancies in how people view supervisors in different offices and departments.
- To learn new suggestions for how managers may enhance their performance, your second goal is to collect insightful feedback from workers.
- You choose to gather both quantitative and qualitative data using a mixed-methods approach.
Basic Study
For the most part in the natural sciences, pure research, fundamental research, or basic research focuses on advancing scientific knowledge for a thorough grasp of a subject or specific natural occurrence. Knowledge acquired for the sake of knowing is referred to as fundamental research.
Practical Research
Research that produces breakthrough technologies, addresses real-world applications of the natural sciences, and aims to provide a solution to specific practical problems
Static vs Dynamic Research
Prior to the primary phase of data collection, the study’s design is fixed in fixed research. Fixed designs are also mostly theoretical. The variables that must be controlled and monitored must be known beforehand and are quantified.
Both quantitative and qualitative studies are used.
Although qualitative research sometimes considers just Boolean measures, quantitative research signifies grading phenomena in multiple grades; the adequacy of a solution may be examined qualitatively. Therefore, quantitative observation is necessary to compare alternative alternatives.
Experimentation vs Non-Experimentation in Research
Operationalize the variables to be measured in an experimental design, and do so as effectively as possible. Take into account the methodologies used to address research questions, the variables used to assess variables and outcomes, and the study expectations. Consider the practical constraints like the accessibility of data sets and experimental configurations that correspond to real-world situations.
Exploratory and Corroborated Research
A priori hypotheses—outcome forecasts made before the measurement stage—are put to the test in confirmatory research. Such a priori assumptions often come from a theory or the findings of earlier research.
Exploratory research examines a data collection and determines any possible relationships between variables in order to provide a posteriori hypothesis.
Informal or Explanatory Research
Explanatory research, also known as causal research, is carried out to determine the nature and scope of cause-and-effect interactions. Causal studies are carried out to assess the consequences of certain changes on standards already in place, different processes, etc.
Descriptive Study
The accessible explanation of the situation is descriptive study; the researcher has no influence over the variable. A descriptive study is only an attempt to determine, characterise, or identify. The goal of analytical study is not “why it is that way” or “how it came to be.”
Historical Study
Historical research is a research approach from the study of history that examines and explains the meanings, stages, and characteristics of a phenomenon or event at a certain point in time in the past.
Informal Comparative Analysis
Ex-post facto research is another name for study that looks at the causes or effects of disparities between or among groups of people that have already occurred.
An attempt to establish a causal connection between an independent variable and a dependent variable; the link between the independent variable and dependent variable is often just proposed (but yet proven) since the independent variable is not entirely within your control.
Correlational Studies
By doing correlational research, a researcher evaluates two variables without the help of any other variables and analyses the statistical relationship between them.
The correlation coefficient, a statistical indicator that determines the strength of the association between two variables and ranges in value from -1 to +1, provides information about the correlation between two variables.
Research Methodology for Evaluation
The term “evaluation research technique” refers to a study goal rather than a specific methodology. Its goal is to evaluate the impact of social interventions such new treatment methods, service enhancements, etc.
A kind of applied study meant to have some impact in the actual world. In assessment study, techniques including surveys and experiments are used.
Formative and Conclusive Assessment
Formative evaluation provides feedback and information while learning is taking place; it also gauges participant development and evaluates the researcher’s own growth.
While introducing a new programme, for instance, you may utilize observation and/or surveying to decide if the activity should be repeated (or adjusted).
Summative evaluation occurs after learning is complete and provides information and feedback to summaries the process; in essence, no formal learning is occurring at this stage except than accidental learning that may occur after programme completion.
Diagnostic Studies
- Studies that are descriptive in nature outline the traits of a certain person or group.
- Examples of diagnostic research include studies that examine the relationship between certain factors.
- The researcher identifies the variable they want to measure, finds appropriate techniques to do so, and provides a precise definition of the population.
- The objective is to gather thorough and reliable information. The technique is meticulously planned by the researcher as well.
Predictive Research
In clinical research, prognostic research studies selected risk factors and predictive variables to see how they may affect a patient’s prognosis. Doctors are more knowledgeable about the illness’s past.
This knowledge aids in clinical decision-making by offering suitable treatment options and aiding in the correct prediction of illness outcomes.
Determine the internal validity of the research design and evaluate the impact of bias or systemic flaws while evaluating prognostic studies.
Action Research
A methodical investigation to hone or improve the conduct of researchers. It’s a powerful sensation, according to researchers.
A number of factors contribute to action research’s success, but its relevance to the study participants is its most crucial one.
Since each research project’s goal is determined by the researchers—who are also the primary beneficiaries of the study observations—relevance is ensured.
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